{"id":772,"date":"2016-01-20T21:49:16","date_gmt":"2016-01-20T20:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nanoasociace.cz\/?p=772"},"modified":"2020-08-15T18:55:31","modified_gmt":"2020-08-15T16:55:31","slug":"co-se-stalo-v-nanosvete-na-zacatku-roku-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nanoasociace.cz\/en\/co-se-stalo-v-nanosvete-na-zacatku-roku-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanotechnologie v boji s mrazem a dal\u0161\u00ed novinky z nanosv\u011bta na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pru\u017en\u00e9 a pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de z\u00a0kovov\u00e9ho skla zah\u0159ej\u00ed t\u011blo i vozidlo<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"ohrivace\"<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem mrazu si jist\u011b z\u00edskaj\u00ed pozornost technologie, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla, oble\u010den\u00ed, i t\u0159eba vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u011btn\u00fdch zrc\u00e1tek na automobilech. Jihokorej\u0161t\u00ed badatel\u00e9 z\u00a0UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) vyvinuli zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pru\u017en\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u016fhledn\u00fd oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d. Jde o \u00fapln\u011b prvn\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00a0kovov\u00e9ho skla, tedy z\u00a0kovu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 amorfn\u00ed, nekrystalickou strukturu. Oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d tvo\u0159\u00ed vodiv\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 nano\u017el\u00e1bk\u016f (nanotroughs) z\u00a0m\u011bdi a zirkonia, kter\u00e1 je vlo\u017eena do silikonov\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu. Nen\u00e1padn\u00fd oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d se m\u016f\u017ee zah\u0159\u00e1t a\u017e na 180 \u00b0C, kdyby to bylo t\u0159eba. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 u\u017e nebude takov\u00fdm stra\u0161\u00e1kem.<\/p>\n

Nano Letters<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nano\u010d\u00e1stice zlata je mo\u017en\u00e9 tisknout podobn\u011b jako p\u00edsmena<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"nanozlato\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nano\u010d\u00e1stice zlata maj\u00ed spoustu neobvykl\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00edch. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 to b\u00fdv\u00e1, kdy\u017e jsou tyto nano\u010d\u00e1stice uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 bl\u00edzko u sebe. Jen\u017ee jsou tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je k\u00a0sob\u011b poskl\u00e1dat v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9m tvaru. Na kanadsk\u00e9 McGillov\u011b univerzit\u011b vymysleli pro organizov\u00e1n\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stic zlata skv\u011bl\u00fd trik. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu nanokonstrukce ze syntetick\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm konstruk\u010dn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem nanosv\u011bta. Nanokonstrukce z DNA lze toti\u017e naprogramovat tak, aby se p\u0159ipojily k\u00a0nano\u010d\u00e1stic\u00edm zlata a pak se samy uspo\u0159\u00e1daly do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru. Cel\u00e9 to funguje jako kdyby n\u011bkdo tiskl text klasick\u00fdm knihtiskem, jen se nam\u00edsto p\u00edsmen uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vaj\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stice zlata. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 shluky nano\u010d\u00e1stice zlata jsou velmi slibn\u00e9 pro energetick\u00e9, elektronick\u00e9 i biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

McGill University<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nanoba\u0148ky urychluj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce<\/b><\/p>\n

\"nanobanky\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Na sv\u011bt\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 nespo\u010det chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich jsou ale trestuhodn\u011b pomal\u00e9 a n\u00e1m by se moc hodilo je co nejv\u00edc zrychlit. V\u00a0izraelsk\u00e9m Weizmannov\u011b institutu \u00faplnou n\u00e1hodou vyvinuli nanoba\u0148ky (nanoflasks) o velikosti n\u011bkolika milimetr\u016f, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b tohle dovedou. V\u011bdci studovali nano\u010d\u00e1stice a zjistili, \u017ee kdy\u017e se ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 nano\u010d\u00e1stice shluknou, tak mezi nimi vzniknou nepatrn\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 prostory. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto prostory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nanoba\u0148ky. Kdy\u017e se do nich dostanou molekuly l\u00e1tek z\u00a0roztoku, tak za\u010dnou reagovat jako \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9, mnohem rychleji, ne\u017e v\u00a0roztoku samotn\u00e9m. Nanoba\u0148ky vlastn\u011b funguj\u00ed podobn\u011b jako enzymy, kter\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e urychluj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm reaguj\u00edc\u00edch molekul. Technologie s\u00a0nanoba\u0148kami by se mohly uplatnit nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b plast\u016f nebo ve farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

Weizmann Institute of Science<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lipoproteinov\u00e9 nanodesti\u010dky si posv\u00edt\u00ed na bu\u0148ku zevnit\u0159<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"nanodesticky\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nanokrystaly, \u010dili kvantov\u00e9 te\u010dky maj\u00ed celou \u0159adu unik\u00e1tn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed, ale nejv\u00edc mezi nimi vynik\u00e1 to, \u017ee kr\u00e1sn\u011b sv\u00edt\u00ed fluorescenc\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se z\u00a0kvantov\u00e9 te\u010dky ud\u011bl\u00e1 placka, tak je z\u00a0n\u00ed nanodesti\u010dka (nanoplatelet). Nanodesti\u010dky tak\u00e9 kr\u00e1sn\u011b sv\u00edt\u00ed, ale maj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 vlastnosti. Badatel\u00e9 Illinojsk\u00e9 univerzity v Urban\u011b-Champaigni vzali nanodesti\u010dky a uzav\u0159eli je v\u00a0lipoproteinov\u00e9m obalu, kter\u00fd je podobn\u00fd bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1n\u011b. Jejich lipoproteinov\u00e9 nanodesti\u010dky st\u00e1le sv\u00edt\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se velmi snadno dok\u00e1\u017eou dostat\u00a0do \u017eiv\u00fdch bun\u011bk. To p\u0159edur\u010duje lipoproteinov\u00e9 nanodesti\u010dky jako skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk zevnit\u0159, l\u00e9ka\u0159skou diagnostiku, i pro v\u00fdzkum bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch pochod\u016f, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi chorobami.<\/p>\n

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Grafen funguje jako nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed filtr<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Grafen, to jsou vlastn\u011b atomy uhl\u00edku uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 do jedin\u00e9 vrstvy. A mezi t\u011bmito atomy jsou mezery. T\u00fdm britsk\u00e9 Univerzity v\u00a0Manchesteru vymyslel, \u017ee by grafen bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako \u00fa\u017easn\u011b jemn\u00fd filtr. Badatel\u00e9 takov\u00fd nanofiltr s\u00a0grafenovou membr\u00e1nou vytvo\u0159ili a poda\u0159ilo se jim t\u00edmto filtrem odd\u011blit j\u00e1dra vod\u00edku, \u010dili jednotliv\u00e9 protony, od jader t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho vod\u00edku, deuteria, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u017edy jeden proton a jeden neutron. Zn\u00ed to jednodu\u0161e, jde ale o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd technologick\u00fd pokrok. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem by toti\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt t\u011b\u017ekou vodu (tedy takovou, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e jsou oba vod\u00edky nahrazeny atomy deuteria) s\u00a0vynalo\u017een\u00edm desetin\u00e1sobn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed energie, jednodu\u0161eji a hlavn\u011b levn\u011bji. Jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pro provoz tis\u00edce tun t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vody a deuterium se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed produkce t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vody je extr\u00e9mn\u011b energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a je na \u010dase ji z\u00e1sadn\u011b vylep\u0161it.<\/p>\n

University of Manchester<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biologick\u00e9 nanoreaktory skv\u011ble katalyzuj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu vod\u00edku<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"nanoreaktory\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Energetika po\u0161ilh\u00e1v\u00e1 po vod\u00edku jako po palivu budoucnosti. Pokud ho ale chceme vyu\u017e\u00edvat, pot\u0159ebujeme zatracen\u011b dobrou a levnou metodu rozkladu vody na vod\u00edk a kysl\u00edk. Na Univerzit\u011b Indiany p\u0159i\u0161li s\u00a0d\u016fmysln\u00fdm biomateri\u00e1lem P22-Hyd, kter\u00fd funguje jako velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor v\u00fdroby vod\u00edku. Tvo\u0159\u00ed ho biologick\u00e9 nanoreaktory, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed vylep\u0161enou verzi bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edho enzymu NiFe hydrogen\u00e1zy v\u00a0proteinov\u00e9m obalu, vyp\u016fj\u010den\u00e9m od bakteriof\u00e1ga P 22. Tyto nano\u010d\u00e1stice p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed viry a funguj\u00ed jako vysoce sofistikovan\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory v\u00fdroby molekul\u00e1rn\u00edho vod\u00edku. Nov\u00fd biomateri\u00e1l lze pom\u011brn\u011b snadno vyrobit p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Je mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ne\u017eli jin\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory v\u00fdroby vod\u00edku, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad platina.<\/p>\n

Indiana University<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mikrokan\u00f3ny p\u00e1l\u00ed nanost\u0159ely s\u00a0l\u00e9ky do nemocn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b<\/b><\/h4>\n

\"nanokanony\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nanomedic\u00edna se usilovn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vymyslet zp\u016fsob, jak dostat l\u00e9k do nemocn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, ani\u017e by cestou po\u0161kodil zdrav\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Nanoin\u017een\u00fd\u0159i Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u00a0San Diegu doporu\u010duj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edlet do nemocn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed nanost\u0159ely s\u00a0l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 by odpalovaly akustick\u00e9 mikrokan\u00f3ny. Sami takov\u00e9 mikrokan\u00f3ny schopn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edlet d\u00e1vky l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch nanost\u0159el navrhli, vyrobili a tak\u00e9 vyzkou\u0161eli v\u00a0experimentu. Sv\u00e9 mikrokan\u00f3ny vytvo\u0159ili elektrochemickou synt\u00e9zou a akusticky odpalovan\u00e9 nanost\u0159ely z\u00a0nich l\u00e9taj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vysokou rychlost\u00ed, dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolika metr\u016f za sekundu. Jak je vid\u011bt, v\u00a0boji proti rakovin\u011b a podobn\u011b z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m n\u00e1m mo\u017en\u00e1 brzy pom\u016f\u017ee mikrobalistika.<\/p>\n

Nanowerk<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stanislav Mihulka<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pru\u017en\u00e9 a pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de z\u00a0kovov\u00e9ho skla zah\u0159ej\u00ed t\u011blo i vozidlo S\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem mrazu si jist\u011b z\u00edskaj\u00ed pozornost technologie, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla, oble\u010den\u00ed, i t\u0159eba vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u011btn\u00fdch zrc\u00e1tek na automobilech. Jihokorej\u0161t\u00ed badatel\u00e9 z\u00a0UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) vyvinuli zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pru\u017en\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u016fhledn\u00fd oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d. Jde o \u00fapln\u011b prvn\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00a0kovov\u00e9ho skla, tedy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pozvanky","category-tiskove-zpravy"],"yoast_head":"\nNanotechnologie v boji s mrazem a dal\u0161\u00ed novinky z nanosv\u011bta na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2016 - Nanoasociace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pru\u017en\u00e9 a pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de z\u00a0kovov\u00e9ho skla zah\u0159ej\u00ed t\u011blo i vozidlo S\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem mrazu si jist\u011b z\u00edskaj\u00ed pozornost technologie, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nanoasociace.cz\/en\/co-se-stalo-v-nanosvete-na-zacatku-roku-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nanotechnologie v boji s mrazem a dal\u0161\u00ed novinky z nanosv\u011bta na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2016 - 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